集成 Typescript, ESLint, Prettier
本文介绍:
在 React Native 中如何配置使用 Typescript
如何使用 ESLint 和 Prettier 来检查 ts 代码
ESLint 和 Prettier 如何与 Visual Studio Code 集成
2019 年 11 月 6 日更新: 使用社区提供的 eslint 配置
Typescript
类型系统对于需要长期维护的项目来说,是非常重要的。
我们可以使用 react-native-template-typescript 模版来创建 typescript 化的项目,也可以手动配置。
确保所使用的 react-native-cli 为社区版的 cli
npm uninstall -g react-native-cli
npm i -g @react-native-community/cli
运行以下命令,即可创建带 typescript 配置的 React Native 项目
npx react-native init MyApp --template react-native-template-typescript
使用 --version 参数可以指定 RN 版本,如
npx react-native init MyApp --version 0.60.0
小知识:react-native-template-typescript 既是个模版项目,也是个 npm 包,可以在 https://www.npmjs.com/ 上搜索到它。我们可以创建自己的模版,然后发布到 npm。
调整 tsconfig.json 文件,在 compilerOptions 中添加如下两个配置
{
"compilerOptions": {
"resolveJsonModule": true,
"skipLibCheck": true
}
}
Typescript 的配置项比较多,我们至少需要弄明白那些开启的选项代表什么,不过这是另外一个话题了。
手动配置 Typescript
添加依赖
yarn add -D typescript @types/jest @types/react @types/react-native @types/react-test-renderer
在项目根目录中创建名为 tsconfig.json 的文件,复制以下内容到文件中。
{
"compilerOptions": {
/* Basic Options */
"resolveJsonModule": true,
"skipLibCheck": true,
"target": "esnext" /* Specify ECMAScript target version: 'ES3' (default), 'ES5', 'ES2015', 'ES2016', 'ES2017','ES2018' or 'ESNEXT'. */,
"module": "commonjs" /* Specify module code generation: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es2015', or 'ESNext'. */,
"lib": ["es6"] /* Specify library files to be included in the compilation. */,
"allowJs": true /* Allow javascript files to be compiled. */,
// "checkJs": true, /* Report errors in .js files. */
"jsx": "react-native" /* Specify JSX code generation: 'preserve', 'react-native', or 'react'. */,
// "declaration": true, /* Generates corresponding '.d.ts' file. */
// "sourceMap": true, /* Generates corresponding '.map' file. */
// "outFile": "./", /* Concatenate and emit output to single file. */
// "outDir": "./", /* Redirect output structure to the directory. */
// "rootDir": "./", /* Specify the root directory of input files. Use to control the output directory structure with --outDir. */
// "removeComments": true, /* Do not emit comments to output. */
"noEmit": true /* Do not emit outputs. */,
// "importHelpers": true, /* Import emit helpers from 'tslib'. */
// "downlevelIteration": true, /* Provide full support for iterables in 'for-of', spread, and destructuring when targeting 'ES5' or 'ES3'. */
"isolatedModules": true /* Transpile each file as a separate module (similar to 'ts.transpileModule'). */,
/* Strict Type-Checking Options */
"strict": true /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */,
// "noImplicitAny": true, /* Raise error on expressions and declarations with an implied 'any' type. */
// "strictNullChecks": true, /* Enable strict null checks. */
// "strictFunctionTypes": true, /* Enable strict checking of function types. */
// "strictPropertyInitialization": true, /* Enable strict checking of property initialization in classes. */
// "noImplicitThis": true, /* Raise error on 'this' expressions with an implied 'any' type. */
// "alwaysStrict": true, /* Parse in strict mode and emit "use strict" for each source file. */
/* Additional Checks */
// "noUnusedLocals": true, /* Report errors on unused locals. */
// "noUnusedParameters": true, /* Report errors on unused parameters. */
// "noImplicitReturns": true, /* Report error when not all code paths in function return a value. */
// "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true, /* Report errors for fallthrough cases in switch statement. */
/* Module Resolution Options */
"moduleResolution": "node" /* Specify module resolution strategy: 'node' (Node.js) or 'classic' (TypeScript pre-1.6). */,
"baseUrl": "./" /* Base directory to resolve non-absolute module names. */,
// "paths": {}, /* A series of entries which re-map imports to lookup locations relative to the 'baseUrl'. */
// "rootDirs": [], /* List of root folders whose combined content represents the structure of the project at runtime. */
// "typeRoots": [], /* List of folders to include type definitions from. */
// "types": [], /* Type declaration files to be included in compilation. */
"allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true /* Allow default imports from modules with no default export. This does not affect code emit, just typechecking. */,
"esModuleInterop": true /* Enables emit interoperability between CommonJS and ES Modules via creation of namespace objects for all imports. Implies 'allowSyntheticDefaultImports'. */
// "preserveSymlinks": true, /* Do not resolve the real path of symlinks. */
/* Source Map Options */
// "sourceRoot": "./", /* Specify the location where debugger should locate TypeScript files instead of source locations. */
// "mapRoot": "./", /* Specify the location where debugger should locate map files instead of generated locations. */
// "inlineSourceMap": true, /* Emit a single file with source maps instead of having a separate file. */
// "inlineSources": true, /* Emit the source alongside the sourcemaps within a single file; requires '--inlineSourceMap' or '--sourceMap' to be set. */
/* Experimental Options */
// "experimentalDecorators": true, /* Enables experimental support for ES7 decorators. */
// "emitDecoratorMetadata": true, /* Enables experimental support for emitting type metadata for decorators. */
},
"exclude": ["node_modules", "babel.config.js", "metro.config.js", "jest.config.js"]
}
ESLint & Prettier
在 TypeScript 2019 路线图 中,TypeScript 核心团队推荐使用 ESLint 来检测代码。
安装 React Native 团队为我们提供的 eslint config
yarn add -D eslint@^7.32.0 @react-native-community/eslint-config
创建或编辑 .eslintrc.js 文件
module.exports = {
root: true,
extends: ['@react-native-community', 'plugin:prettier/recommended', 'prettier/react'],
}
创建或编辑 .prettierrc.js 文件
module.exports = {
semi: false,
trailingComma: 'all',
jsxBracketSameLine: true,
singleQuote: true,
printWidth: 100,
}
修改 package.json 文件,添加 tsc 和 lint 脚本
"scripts": {
"tsc": "tsc --noEmit",
"lint": "eslint . --fix --ext .js,.jsx,.ts,.tsx"
},
ESLint 相关知识,请深入理解 ESlint
Git Hook
为了不妨碍 commit 效率,我们不使用 Git Hook 来自动触发 tsc 和 lint,而是将这些过程延迟到 CI 阶段。
与 Visual Studio Code 集成
为了获得良好的开发体验,设置编辑器以便在保存文件时自动运行 ESLint 的自动修复命令(即 eslint --fix)是非常有用的。
确保安装了以下 VS Code 插件
dbaeumer.vscode-eslint
esbenp.prettier-vscode
添加如下配置到 VS Code 中的 settings.json 文件中,以便在保存文件时自动格式化:
按下
Command + ,
然后点击右上角的 { } 按钮,可以打开 settings.json 文件
{
"javascript.updateImportsOnFileMove.enabled": "always",
"typescript.updateImportsOnFileMove.enabled": "always",
"[typescript]": {
"editor.tabSize": 2
},
"[typescriptreact]": {
"editor.tabSize": 2
},
"[javascript]": {
"editor.tabSize": 2
},
"[html]": {
"editor.tabSize": 2
},
"[json]": {
"editor.tabSize": 2
},
"[css]": {
"editor.tabSize": 2
},
"[yaml]": {
"editor.tabSize": 2
},
"[toml]": {
"editor.tabSize": 2
},
"editor.fontSize": 14,
"editor.codeActionsOnSave": {
"source.fixAll.eslint": true,
},
"eslint.validate": [
"javascript",
"javascriptreact",
"typescript",
"typescriptreact"
],
}
建议阅读 Using TypeScript with React Native
参考
react-native-template-typescript
Setting up ESLint with Prettier, TypeScript, and Visual Studio Code